The history of this place is long and winding. Due to Roman persecution, Christians were pushed to worship Christ secretly, including in a cave near the Chapel of the Ascension. But all that changed when the Roman Empire adopted Christianity in the 4th century, and a church was built on the spot of the Ascension of Christ.
In the following centuries, this church was restructured, destroyed, and rebuilt by pilgrims and Crusaders. When Saladin took Jerusalem in 1187, parts of the chapel were renovated when it was turned into a mosque, but a few years later, Saladin ordered to leave the Chapel of the Ascension for Christian worshippers, and a new mosque was built for Muslims.
While the church has not survived, the chapel remains a main attraction for Christian pilgrims visiting Jerusalem almost 1000 years later.